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In Taiwan, Driverless Bus Trials Seen as Road to Future
無人駕驶巴士将台灣载向智能交通的将来？
TAIPEI, Taiwan — Rolling with a barely audible hum beneath banyan trees, a
brightly painted shuttle bus cruised through a university campus here.
台灣台北——近来的一個夏季里，一輛亮色班車在本地一個大黉舍园的榕树下驶過，發出几近听不見的嗡鸣。
The electric vehicle crawls along no faster than 6 m.p.h. And only 12
passengers can fit inside. But the bus also drives itself — and is raising
hopes in Taipei that autonomous public transportation will be up and running
here within a year.
這輛電動車的時速不跨越6英里。車内只能坐12名搭客。但它是主動行驶的，讓人们起頭期盼，台北能在一年内實現主動化大眾交通。
“The idea of one day being able to ride around this city in driverless
vehicles is quite exciting,” said Amber Chen, who was riding with her
8-year-old son Ruey-Shen.
“想到有一天可以坐着無人駕驶汽車穿行在這座都會里，感受很冲動，”和八岁兒子瑞申(Ruey-Shen)一块兒乘車的安珀·陈(Amber Chen)說。
The bus tests are partly to prove the technology is safe to deploy on the
city’s busy streets, and partly a way of gathering the data needed to improve
the artificial intelligence that steers it. As one of the earliest such efforts
in Asia, it could help put Taiwan on the map both as a pioneer in autonomous
public transportation and, if things go according to plan, as a manufacturer of
driverless buses.
巴士测试的部門目標是證實，在市内拥堵的街道上應用這項技能是平安的，同時也是在采集数据，以改良操控它的人工智能。作為亚洲最先有這方面举措的處所之一，台灣可以藉此确立在主動化大眾交通上的领先职位地方，不出不测的话，還将成為無人駕驶車輛出產的先行者。
So far, the bus being tested, called the EZ10, has breezed through its
trials on the campus of National Taiwan University, which have been i娛樂城,n progress
since May.
這类名為EZ10的車型在國立台灣大黉舍园内的测试是從蒲月起頭的，到今朝為止一切顺遂。
But successful testing on a closed course at low speeds can only reveal so
much about how the buses would work in traffic. Getting them on the road at
busy times is the next step, and the program’s backers are eager to see that
happen quickly.
可是以低速在封锁車道内测试，很難阐明巴士在都會交通中會有怎麼的表示。下一步必要在岑岭期上路测试，項目標投資人们想尽快看到成果。
One obstacle: Despite active support from Taipei’s municipal government and
its mayor, Ko Wen-Je, the t斷痔膏，esting has only tacit approval from the central
government, said Wei-Bin Lee, co妹妹issioner of Taipei’s Department of
Information Technology.
如今有一個停滞：虽然台北市當局及其市长柯文哲對項目十分支撑，但市當局資讯局局长李维斌說，中心當局對巴士测试只是默認。
“The rest of the world isn’t going to stop and wait for you just because
you’re sputtering along,” he said.
“其他處所不會由于你磕磕绊绊就停下来等你，”他說。
Martin Ting, the general manager of 7StarLake, the Taiwanese company testing
the buses, said in an interview that the EZ10 was suited for three scenarios:
closed campuses, short, fixed circuits and city bus routes.
卖力這次测试的台灣公司喜門史塔雷克(7StarLake)的总司理丁彦允(Martin Ting)在接管采访時說，EZ10合用于三個場景：封锁校區，固定短途線路和都會公交線路。
Such situations abound in Taiwan, which has 23.5 million people and is home
to more than 150 universities and colleges, 100-plus industrial parks and 15
theme parks — as well as densely urbanized northern and western coasts. In
August, the EZ10 began late-night trials on a short stretch of Xinyi Road, a
six-lane artery in downtown Taipei.
台灣有不少如许的處所，這里有2350万生齿，具有逾150所高档院校，100座以上的財產园區和15座主题公园——另有高度都會化的西、北海岸。八月，EZ10在台北市中間的六車道干線信义路长進行短途的夜間测试。
“Our ultimate goal is to autonomize the entire Xinyi Road main line,” Mr.
Ko, the mayor, told local media when starting the trials.
“咱们终极的方针是，全部信义干線的公車可以無人化，”柯文哲市长在测试項目启動時對本地媒體說。
The EZ10 is built by the French company EasyMile. It uses GPS and eight
laser sensors to navigate predetermined routes. Front and rear cameras enable
it to detect and avoid obstacles. At $550,000 a unit, including import taxes,
it is nearly twice the price of a larger bus with a driver.
EZ10是由法國EasyMile公司開辟的。它會经由過程GPS和八個激光傳感器在既定線路上行驶。先後摄像頭用来探测和規避停滞物。每輛售价55万美元，包括入口税，是有人駕驶且比它更大的巴士的快要两倍。
Mr. Ting said he aimed to import three more buses next year and begin
manufacturing them under license from EasyMile by the end of 2018, with the
goal of sourcing half of the components from Taiwanese suppliers. That would
eliminate the 45 percent import tax, saving approximately $200,000 per bus.
丁彦允說他筹算来岁再入口三輛，到2018年末前起頭用EasyMile的授权出產，但愿一半的零部件能由台灣厂商供给。這就象征着可以去掉45%的入口税，每輛車省下约20万美元。
Then EasyMile could look hard at other Asian markets, he said.
然後，他說，EasyMile可以好好斟酌一下亚洲其他市場。
“After we’ve started supplying Taiwan, we’re going to sell to Japan,
Australia, China and South Asia,” he said. “Australia already wants 100
vehicles and Japan has strong demand before the 2020 Olympic Games.”
“起頭供给台灣市場後，咱们還會卖到日本、澳大利亚、中國和南亚，”他說。“澳大利亚已必要100輛，日本在2020年奥運會前也有很大的需房屋二胎，求。”
The EZ10, with a top speed of 25 m.p.h., achieves “Level 4” automation
under the standards of the global engineering association S.A.E. International,
meaning its route is chosen by humans but there is no one behind the wheel and it
can avoid obstacles on its own. Tesla’s Autopilot system is considered Level 2,
although Elon Musk, the company’s chief executive, said this year that the
company was only two years away from Level 5: complete autonomy.
依照國際自念頭工程師协會(S.A.E. International)的尺度，時理療按摩槍,速最高可达25英里的EZ10已實現了“四级”主動化，也就是行車線路由人设定，但没有人操控標的目的盘，可以自行規避停滞物。特斯拉(Tesla)的主動駕驶體系被認為是二级，不外其公司首席履行官埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)本年說，公司再用两年時候可以到达五级，也就是彻底主動化。
But for any level of vehicle autonomy to work, urban infrastructure must be
updated. For example, traffic lights would require special signals to direct
autonomous vehicles.
可是不管車輛可以到达几级，都會都必要更新其根本举措措施。比方红绿灯必要有指引主動化車輛的專門旌旗灯号。
Then there is the issue of creating three-dimensional maps, and the
computing power needed to use them for detection and navigation. In a dense,
urban environment like Taipei, they must account for the way tall buildings can
distort GPS signals.
另有就是打造三维舆圖，和用于探测和导航的计较能力的問题。在台北如许繁杂的都會情况中，必需斟酌到高峻修建物可能會滋扰GPS旌旗灯号的环境。
“You need to make a map with 99.999 percent accuracy, which is not easy,”
Mr. Ting said. “It takes time and money.”
“你必要绘制切确度高达99.999%的舆圖，這其實不轻易，”丁彦允說。“必要時候和款項。”
He added that processing all of the data would require cloud computing and
a high-speed wireless connection.
他還指出，處置所有這些数据将必要云计较和高速無線收集毗連。
But technological hurdles aside, national lawmakers in Taiwan have
priorities bigger than autonomous vehicles, including a contentious
infrastructure package. And politically, many are cautious to embrace even an
experimental system, knowing that any accident could derail long-term plans.
Nonetheless, the administration of President Tsai Ing-wen has made creating
“smart cities,” which include technology like autonomous vehicles, a national
priority.
但撇開技能停滞不谈，台灣的立法委員们有比主動行驶汽車更首要的事項要處置，此中包含一個布满争议的根本举措措施一揽子規划。别的，在政治上，不少人就連接管實行體系的時辰也很稳重，由于晓得任何一場不测均可能粉碎持久規划。不外，蔡英文总统带领下的當局一向致力于在全台灣推广打造“伶俐都會”的政策，主動行驶汽車之类的科技恰是题中應有之义。
“It is time to use our strength in information and co妹妹unication technology
to bolster domestic development,” Ms. Tsai said at a smart city forum in Taipei
in February.
“如今是咱们回過甚来，操纵本身在信息和通信技能方面的上風，專注于在地需求的時辰了，”本年2月，蔡英文在台北的一個伶俐都會论坛上暗示。
The legislator Jason Hsu, who visited Silicon Valley with Mr. Ting, said
Taiwan could set itself apart, especially in Asia, by focusing on public
transportation with Level 4 vehicles. Many countries in the region are involved
in autonomous vehicle research and development, including China, Mr. Hsu noted.
和丁彦允一块兒到访過硅谷的立法委員许毓仁(Jason Hsu)說，经由過程聚焦于有着四级主動行驶汽車的大眾交通體系，台灣可以脱颖而出，特别是在亚洲。许毓仁指出，這一地域的不少國度都在举行主動行驶汽車方面的研發，此中包含中國。
“The U.S. government is using autonomous vehicles to kick off a whole new
industry centered around data-driven platforms,” he said. “The issue in Taiwan
is that our legislation is lagging behind.”
“美國當局正操纵主動行驶汽車開启一個以数据驱動型平台為中間的新財產，”他說。“台灣的問题在于，咱们的相干立法事情是滞後的。”
Mr. Hsu said he would introduce an alliance for smart mobility and
autonomous vehicles on Sept. 26 that would help push the central government on
the issue.
许毓仁說将在9月26日推出一個伶俐交通與無人車成长同盟，帮忙鞭策中心當局解决這一問题。
Unlike California, where Mr. Hsu said 36 companies are permitted to put
autonomous vehicles on the road, Taiwan has not licensed any companies,
including 7StarLake.
他說，分歧于已准予36家公司的主動行驶汽車上路的加利福尼亚州，台灣還没有向任何公司發放允许，此中包含喜門史塔雷克。
“The cars are available but we cannot collect data, which is very dangerous
as the vehicles need data and experience to fine tune their algorithms and
minimize the chance of accident,” he said.
“市道市情上有這些汽車，但咱们没法收集数据，這是很是伤害的，由于這些汽車必要借助数据和履历来调解其算法，把失事故的可能性降到最低，”他說。
Mr. Lee of kubet,Taipei’s Department of Information Technology said he hoped
Taiwan could turn driverless vehicles into a local industry. That might be
enough to keep talented young Taiwanese from heading to China, where at the
moment there are more opportunities, he said.
台北市當局資讯局局长李维斌說，他但愿台灣能把無人駕驶汽車酿成本地的一個財產。他說，這也许足以避免有才干的台灣年青人纷繁奔赴中國，眼下那邊有更多机遇。
“Taiwan is democratic and free. It has its own advantages,” Mr. Lee said.
“台灣讲究民主和自由。它有本身的上風，”李维斌說。
改正：因為翻译毛病，本文稍早前的版本误赞许毓仁與蔡英文一块兒拜候過硅谷，與许毓仁同業者實為丁彦允，特此改正。 |
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發表於 2023-8-16 12:35:00
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